RESUMO
El consumo de tabaco y, en concreto las formas de éste sin humo, son determinantes en el desarrollo de carcinoma en cavidad oral y fibrosis oral submucosa, entre otras entidades. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre las diferentes formas de consumo de tabaco sin humo y el desarrollo de lesiones orales asociadas a su uso continuado. Se estima que el 90% de los consumidores de las formas de tabaco sin humo se encuentran en el Sur de Asia, lo que supone una cifra de 100 millones de personas. En general, el tabaquismo comienza a una edad joven y se sabe que aumenta el riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas durante toda la vida (AU)
Tobacco consumption and, in particular, smokeless forms are determinant in the development of oral carcinoma and oral submucosal fibrosis, among other entities. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature on the different forms of smokeless tobacco use and the development of oral lesions associated with its continued use. It is estimated that 90% of consumers of smokeless tobacco are found in South Asia, which represents a figure of 100 million people. In general, smoking begins at a young age and is known to increase the risk of chronic diseases throughout life (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Tabaco sem Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Boca/patologia , Carcinoma/epidemiologia , Fibrose Oral Submucosa/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco , Tabaco sem Fumaça , Doenças Periodontais/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We want to assess quality of life in elderly patients in relation to the number of remaining teeth, the number of ingested drugs and xerostomía and to determine the correlation between an increased intake of drugs and a greater feeling of dry mouth and to know the most commonly used measures to control xerostomia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 subjects aged between 65 and 95 years (14 males, 16 females) completed the OHIP questionnaire to determine quality of life. For oral status, the number of remaining teeth according to WHO criteria and xerostomia using the xerostomia index (XI) were studied. In cases of dry mouth sensation, the measures to alleviate it were asked. RESULTS: The average quality of life according to the OHIP rate is 19.23 (Dt = 10.58), being 56 the worst quality of life. The Pearson correlation coefficient indicates that quality of life is not related to the number of remaining teeth (r = -0.046; p = 0.810) nor the number of ingested drugs (r = 0.226; p = 0.23) but a greater sensation of dry mouth is related to a poorer quality of life (r = 0.678; p = 0.230). There is no association between the number of ingested drugs and the xerostomia index (r = 0.144; p = 0.447). The most frequently measures used against dry mouth were drinking water (21 subjects) and sugarless candies (15 subjects). CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life is not related to the number of remaining teeth nor the number of ingested drugs. However, a higher level of xerostomia was significantly associated with a poorer quality of life. There is no association between the number of drugs ingested and xerostomia index. Sugarless candies and drinking water are the more frequently used measures to alleviate dry mouth. Key words:Quality of life, oral health, elderly.
RESUMO
El éxito del tratamiento con implantes dentales como método para reemplazar dientes perdidos se ha convertido en un método predecible. Sin embargo, es cada vez mayor el número de éstos que sufren enfermedades periimplantarias. Estas enfermedades ocurren por la falta de equilibrio entre la respuesta del individuo y la carga bacteriana, sobre todo flora anaerobia gram-negativa. Los tratamientos actuales carecen de eficacia. Es por tanto fundamental conocer la etiopatogenia de dicha entidad para prevenir su formación. Actualmente se conocen diferentes factores etiológicos relacionados con la aparición de periimplantitis y mucositis periimplantaria, como la infección bacteriana, la sobrecarga oclusal, el tabaco, la mala higiene oral, la historia previa de enfermedad periodontal, la diabetes y otras enfermedades sistémicas (AU)
Treatment success with dental implants as a way to replace missing teeth has become a predictable method. However, it is increasing the number of dental implants suffering from peri-implant diseases. These diseases are described as the result of an imbalance between host response and bacterial load, especially gram-negative anaerobic flora. Current treatments are ineffective. It is therefore essential to understand the pathogenesis of this entity to prevent its formation. Currently several risk factors related to the occurrence of peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis, as bacterial infection, occlusal overload, smoking habit, poor oral hygiene, previous history of periodontal disease, diabetes and other systemic diseases are known (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Peri-Implantite/prevenção & controle , Estomatite/prevenção & controle , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Implantação Dentária Endóssea/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controleRESUMO
El virus del papiloma humano (VPh) es un virus epidermotropo transmitido principalmente por vía sexual y cuyas infecciones están relacionadas con la aparición de lesiones benignas cutáneas y mucosas. En las últimas décadas ha adquirido mayor relevancia por ser el principal causante de carcinomas de cérvix. Más recientemente se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de neoplasias de cabeza y cuello. Los principales factores de riesgo del cáncer oral son el tabaco y el alcohol. Sin embargo, hay un subgrupo de pacientes no fumadores y no bebedores que desarrollan también esta enfermedad. Se revisa el papel del VPh en este subconjunto de pacientes, su influencia en el pronóstico y en la respuesta al tratamiento. La promoción de prácticas sexuales seguras y la vacunación de adolescentes y adultos previa a la iniciación sexual son los métodos de prevención de infección por VPh más eficaces y se espera que contribuyan a la disminución de la prevalencia de carcinomas orales y de orofaringe (AU)
The human papillomavirus (hPV) is an epidermotropic virus mainly transmitted by sexual contact. hPV infections are related with cutaneous and mucosal benign lesions. Over the last decades, it has achieved major relevance for its involvement in the aetiology of cervix carcinoma. Recently, it has been associated with the development of head and neck neoplasm. Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the principal risk factors related with oral carcinomas. however, there is a subgroup of non smokers nor drinkers patients who also develops this disease. The role of hPV in this subgroup has been studied, as well as its influence on prognosis and treatment response. Promoting safe sex and vaccination in teenagers and adults previous to sex initiation are the most effective methods against hPV infection and it is expected that these prevention methods will decrease the prevalence of oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas (AU)
